Age of empires 2 the conquerors download completo em portugues
Later Popes reiterated the grants in 1456, 1481, and 1514.” In 1454, Nicholas V reconfirmed his support for Portuguese expansion in the brief Romanus Pontifex. “It also granted the Portuguese Crown the authority to act as the head of the Church in Africa and, later, in Brazil, a right known as the padroado real. Writes Katharine Gerbner, in her book Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World. “ Dum Diversas regarded the enslavement of Africans to be part of the Holy War of Reconquest.” That bull allowed the king to launch a crusade on Saracens and pagans-namely Israelites-and, in conquering them, submit them to perpetual slavery. In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued a bull to Alfonso V of Portugal titled Dum Diversas. The people on whom the Portuguese had set their sights were descendants of ancient Israelites, who had established settlements in West Africa and other territories after fleeing Jerusalem and its surroundings during the Roman siege of 70 CE, and the failed Bar Kokhba revolt of 135 CE. The justification for that approval came on the basis of war, or to be more precise, a crusade.
The already booming trans-Saharan slave trade allowed the Portuguese to branch off into a distinct market, but, being Catholics, they first needed the approval of the pope. While their primary pursuit was gold, this was not easy to come by, therefore slaves took precedence since they were easier to acquire. This allowed for the establishment of important trading posts along the African coast. They looked to establish new trading routes, and thus settled Madeira in 1419, the Azores in 1427, and the Cape Verde Islands in 1450. While the Renaissance was flourishing within Italy, and in fact reaching its height on the peninsula, the Portuguese were expanding their empire into the Atlantic.